This paper evaluates the total cost of ownership (TCO) of three primary transport service models for DCI at 100G and beyond: Carrier Ethernet, Wavelength Services, and Dark Fiber. Established in 2020, the CW-WDM MSA (Continuous-Wave Wavelength Division Multiplexing Multi- Source Agreement) was formed to standardise WDM CW sources in the O-band for emerging advanced integrated optics applications that are expected to move to 8, 16, and 32 wavelengths. Standardising higher. The 2025 extension of U. import tariffs on telecom transmission equipment, including optical amplifiers, transceivers, and multiplexers, has forced DWDM vendors to rethink manufacturing, procurement, and logistics. The output can be customized to be multimode fiber, a fiber-optic bundle, or a liquid light guide, making. Multiple LED sources can be efficiently combined into a single output beam, and offer major advantages such as long life-time, easily tunable spectrum, high power stability, and ultra-fast switching (on the microseconds level) without using moving mechanical components. Combined with Ayar Labs TeraPHY™ optical I/O chiplet, the solution provides 5x-10x higher bandwidth, 10x lower latency, and is 4x-8x more. However, the imposition of tariffs during the Trump administration significantly impacted the optical transceiver market, altering supply chains, cost structures, and innovation paths.
