Network security devices are hardware or virtual appliances designed to protect computer networks from unauthorized access, data breaches, and cyberattacks. They include firewalls, intrusion prevention systems, VPN gateways, and other tools that safeguard data across network. Network security devices provide automated functionality that can help stop network-based cyberattacks. NIDS can be hardware or software-based, capturing metadata such as IP addresses and traffic patterns, and are typically configured for promiscuous mode listening and reporting. Wireless. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): IDS monitor network traffic for suspicious activity and known threats, sending alerts when evidence of an intrusion is detected.