In the era of 5G, AI, and high-speed data centers, optical modules serve as the core bridge for converting electrical signals to optical signals (and vice versa), enabling fast, reliable data transmission across networks. Average optical power refers to the optical power outputted by the optical module's transmitter under normal working conditions, which can be understood as the intensity of light. As the core optoelectronic devices operating at the Physical Layer of the OSI model, their. That is, metal medium communication represented by coaxial cables and network cables is gradually being replaced by optical fiber media. These modules typically consist of a laser or LED transmitter, a.