Among the various classes of fiber optic sensors, intensity-modulated fiber optic sensors (IM-FOSs) stand out due to their structural simplicity, low cost, and ease of implementation. These sensors detect variations in light intensity, either transmitted or reflected. The power grid. In this case, the signal to be measured (the measurand), intensity (amplitude) modulates the light carried by an optical fiber or waveguide. Their operational principle enables the development of robust, scalable, and multiplexable systems suitable for a wide range of. nications, a similar trend is detectable in the world of sensing. An effort has been made to identify.