Lower ratios (1×4, 1×8) give lower insertion loss and longer reach; higher ratios (1×16, 1×32) maximize port count in dense buildings but eat more budget. Always keep margin for aging, patch moves, and dirt. Values are typical; confirm with vendor datasheet. *Distance is a. Optical splitters are the key passive component that enables “sharing” of OLT resources: Cost Efficiency: A single OLT port can serve 8–64 ONTs via a splitter, reducing the number of OLTs, fibers, and deployment labor needed. Passive Operation: Splitters have no active electronics, so they require. Cons: high fiber count from CO to distribution zone, higher initial cabling. Cascaded (multi-level) splitting: First a splitter closer to CO of smaller ratio (e. Since these are the most popular styles for networks today.
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