An optical transceiver module, often simply called an optical module, acts as a signal conversion interface in fiber optic networks. It transforms high volumes of electrical signals into optical signals for transmission over fiber cables, or reverses the process at the receiving. An optical module is a typically hot-pluggable optical transceiver used in high-bandwidth data communications applications. Optical modules typically have an electrical interface on the side that connects to the inside of the system and an optical interface on the side that connects to the outside. In the world of fiber optic communications, optical transceiver modules play a pivotal role as interfaces that convert electrical signals to optical signals and vice versa. Among various optical module form factors, SFP (Small Form-Factor Pluggable). Average optical power refers to the optical power outputted by the optical module's transmitter under normal working conditions, which can be understood as the intensity of light.
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